ETH Price: $2,263.28 (+7.45%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
9557119 at Feb-26-2020 05:03:49 AM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.0002446185 ETH $0.55
Gas Used:
69,891 Gas / 3.5 Gwei

Emitted Events:

40 NumeraireBackend.Transfer( from=[Sender] 0xe14ea75edea3848dabafbba6f3b9c190873fd31a, to=[Receiver] Vyper_contract, value=101000000000000000000 )
41 Vyper_contract.EthPurchase( buyer=[Sender] 0xe14ea75edea3848dabafbba6f3b9c190873fd31a, tokens_sold=101000000000000000000, eth_bought=3306666968515560121 )

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x1776e1F2...d3Cb46671
0x2Bf5A5bA...ef4F6196f 196.953540365264402363 Eth193.646873396748842242 Eth3.306666968515560121
0xE14ea75E...0873Fd31a
3.943970193520529427 Eth
Nonce: 56
7.250392543536089548 Eth
Nonce: 57
3.306422350015560121
(Ethermine)
1,130.794054774184835179 Eth1,130.794299392684835179 Eth0.0002446185

Execution Trace

Vyper_contract.tokenToEthSwapInput( tokens_sold=101000000000000000000, min_eth=3290133633672982321, deadline=1582694306 ) => ( out=3306666968515560121 )
  • Vyper_contract.tokenToEthSwapInput( tokens_sold=101000000000000000000, min_eth=3290133633672982321, deadline=1582694306 ) => ( out=3306666968515560121 )
    • NumeraireBackend.balanceOf( 0x2Bf5A5bA29E60682fC56B2Fcf9cE07Bef4F6196f ) => ( 5897073819679600122745 )
    • ETH 3.306666968515560121 0xe14ea75edea3848dabafbba6f3b9c190873fd31a.CALL( )
    • NumeraireBackend.transferFrom( _from=0xE14ea75EdEA3848dabAfBbA6F3B9c190873Fd31a, _to=0x2Bf5A5bA29E60682fC56B2Fcf9cE07Bef4F6196f, _value=101000000000000000000 ) => ( ok=True )
      File 1 of 3: Vyper_contract
      # @title Uniswap Exchange Interface V1
      # @notice Source code found at https://github.com/uniswap
      # @notice Use at your own risk
      
      contract Factory():
          def getExchange(token_addr: address) -> address: constant
      
      contract Exchange():
          def getEthToTokenOutputPrice(tokens_bought: uint256) -> uint256(wei): constant
          def ethToTokenTransferInput(min_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256: modifying
          def ethToTokenTransferOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256(wei): modifying
      
      TokenPurchase: event({buyer: indexed(address), eth_sold: indexed(uint256(wei)), tokens_bought: indexed(uint256)})
      EthPurchase: event({buyer: indexed(address), tokens_sold: indexed(uint256), eth_bought: indexed(uint256(wei))})
      AddLiquidity: event({provider: indexed(address), eth_amount: indexed(uint256(wei)), token_amount: indexed(uint256)})
      RemoveLiquidity: event({provider: indexed(address), eth_amount: indexed(uint256(wei)), token_amount: indexed(uint256)})
      Transfer: event({_from: indexed(address), _to: indexed(address), _value: uint256})
      Approval: event({_owner: indexed(address), _spender: indexed(address), _value: uint256})
      
      name: public(bytes32)                             # Uniswap V1
      symbol: public(bytes32)                           # UNI-V1
      decimals: public(uint256)                         # 18
      totalSupply: public(uint256)                      # total number of UNI in existence
      balances: uint256[address]                        # UNI balance of an address
      allowances: (uint256[address])[address]           # UNI allowance of one address on another
      token: address(ERC20)                             # address of the ERC20 token traded on this contract
      factory: Factory                                  # interface for the factory that created this contract
      
      # @dev This function acts as a contract constructor which is not currently supported in contracts deployed
      #      using create_with_code_of(). It is called once by the factory during contract creation.
      @public
      def setup(token_addr: address):
          assert (self.factory == ZERO_ADDRESS and self.token == ZERO_ADDRESS) and token_addr != ZERO_ADDRESS
          self.factory = msg.sender
          self.token = token_addr
          self.name = 0x556e697377617020563100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
          self.symbol = 0x554e492d56310000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
          self.decimals = 18
      
      # @notice Deposit ETH and Tokens (self.token) at current ratio to mint UNI tokens.
      # @dev min_liquidity does nothing when total UNI supply is 0.
      # @param min_liquidity Minimum number of UNI sender will mint if total UNI supply is greater than 0.
      # @param max_tokens Maximum number of tokens deposited. Deposits max amount if total UNI supply is 0.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return The amount of UNI minted.
      @public
      @payable
      def addLiquidity(min_liquidity: uint256, max_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp) -> uint256:
          assert deadline > block.timestamp and (max_tokens > 0 and msg.value > 0)
          total_liquidity: uint256 = self.totalSupply
          if total_liquidity > 0:
              assert min_liquidity > 0
              eth_reserve: uint256(wei) = self.balance - msg.value
              token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
              token_amount: uint256 = msg.value * token_reserve / eth_reserve + 1
              liquidity_minted: uint256 = msg.value * total_liquidity / eth_reserve
              assert max_tokens >= token_amount and liquidity_minted >= min_liquidity
              self.balances[msg.sender] += liquidity_minted
              self.totalSupply = total_liquidity + liquidity_minted
              assert self.token.transferFrom(msg.sender, self, token_amount)
              log.AddLiquidity(msg.sender, msg.value, token_amount)
              log.Transfer(ZERO_ADDRESS, msg.sender, liquidity_minted)
              return liquidity_minted
          else:
              assert (self.factory != ZERO_ADDRESS and self.token != ZERO_ADDRESS) and msg.value >= 1000000000
              assert self.factory.getExchange(self.token) == self
              token_amount: uint256 = max_tokens
              initial_liquidity: uint256 = as_unitless_number(self.balance)
              self.totalSupply = initial_liquidity
              self.balances[msg.sender] = initial_liquidity
              assert self.token.transferFrom(msg.sender, self, token_amount)
              log.AddLiquidity(msg.sender, msg.value, token_amount)
              log.Transfer(ZERO_ADDRESS, msg.sender, initial_liquidity)
              return initial_liquidity
      
      # @dev Burn UNI tokens to withdraw ETH and Tokens at current ratio.
      # @param amount Amount of UNI burned.
      # @param min_eth Minimum ETH withdrawn.
      # @param min_tokens Minimum Tokens withdrawn.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return The amount of ETH and Tokens withdrawn.
      @public
      def removeLiquidity(amount: uint256, min_eth: uint256(wei), min_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp) -> (uint256(wei), uint256):
          assert (amount > 0 and deadline > block.timestamp) and (min_eth > 0 and min_tokens > 0)
          total_liquidity: uint256 = self.totalSupply
          assert total_liquidity > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_amount: uint256(wei) = amount * self.balance / total_liquidity
          token_amount: uint256 = amount * token_reserve / total_liquidity
          assert eth_amount >= min_eth and token_amount >= min_tokens
          self.balances[msg.sender] -= amount
          self.totalSupply = total_liquidity - amount
          send(msg.sender, eth_amount)
          assert self.token.transfer(msg.sender, token_amount)
          log.RemoveLiquidity(msg.sender, eth_amount, token_amount)
          log.Transfer(msg.sender, ZERO_ADDRESS, amount)
          return eth_amount, token_amount
      
      # @dev Pricing function for converting between ETH and Tokens.
      # @param input_amount Amount of ETH or Tokens being sold.
      # @param input_reserve Amount of ETH or Tokens (input type) in exchange reserves.
      # @param output_reserve Amount of ETH or Tokens (output type) in exchange reserves.
      # @return Amount of ETH or Tokens bought.
      @private
      @constant
      def getInputPrice(input_amount: uint256, input_reserve: uint256, output_reserve: uint256) -> uint256:
          assert input_reserve > 0 and output_reserve > 0
          input_amount_with_fee: uint256 = input_amount * 997
          numerator: uint256 = input_amount_with_fee * output_reserve
          denominator: uint256 = (input_reserve * 1000) + input_amount_with_fee
          return numerator / denominator
      
      # @dev Pricing function for converting between ETH and Tokens.
      # @param output_amount Amount of ETH or Tokens being bought.
      # @param input_reserve Amount of ETH or Tokens (input type) in exchange reserves.
      # @param output_reserve Amount of ETH or Tokens (output type) in exchange reserves.
      # @return Amount of ETH or Tokens sold.
      @private
      @constant
      def getOutputPrice(output_amount: uint256, input_reserve: uint256, output_reserve: uint256) -> uint256:
          assert input_reserve > 0 and output_reserve > 0
          numerator: uint256 = input_reserve * output_amount * 1000
          denominator: uint256 = (output_reserve - output_amount) * 997
          return numerator / denominator + 1
      
      @private
      def ethToTokenInput(eth_sold: uint256(wei), min_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address) -> uint256:
          assert deadline >= block.timestamp and (eth_sold > 0 and min_tokens > 0)
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          tokens_bought: uint256 = self.getInputPrice(as_unitless_number(eth_sold), as_unitless_number(self.balance - eth_sold), token_reserve)
          assert tokens_bought >= min_tokens
          assert self.token.transfer(recipient, tokens_bought)
          log.TokenPurchase(buyer, eth_sold, tokens_bought)
          return tokens_bought
      
      # @notice Convert ETH to Tokens.
      # @dev User specifies exact input (msg.value).
      # @dev User cannot specify minimum output or deadline.
      @public
      @payable
      def __default__():
          self.ethToTokenInput(msg.value, 1, block.timestamp, msg.sender, msg.sender)
      
      # @notice Convert ETH to Tokens.
      # @dev User specifies exact input (msg.value) and minimum output.
      # @param min_tokens Minimum Tokens bought.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return Amount of Tokens bought.
      @public
      @payable
      def ethToTokenSwapInput(min_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp) -> uint256:
          return self.ethToTokenInput(msg.value, min_tokens, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender)
      
      # @notice Convert ETH to Tokens and transfers Tokens to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies exact input (msg.value) and minimum output
      # @param min_tokens Minimum Tokens bought.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output Tokens.
      # @return Amount of Tokens bought.
      @public
      @payable
      def ethToTokenTransferInput(min_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256:
          assert recipient != self and recipient != ZERO_ADDRESS
          return self.ethToTokenInput(msg.value, min_tokens, deadline, msg.sender, recipient)
      
      @private
      def ethToTokenOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_eth: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address) -> uint256(wei):
          assert deadline >= block.timestamp and (tokens_bought > 0 and max_eth > 0)
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_sold: uint256 = self.getOutputPrice(tokens_bought, as_unitless_number(self.balance - max_eth), token_reserve)
          # Throws if eth_sold > max_eth
          eth_refund: uint256(wei) = max_eth - as_wei_value(eth_sold, 'wei')
          if eth_refund > 0:
              send(buyer, eth_refund)
          assert self.token.transfer(recipient, tokens_bought)
          log.TokenPurchase(buyer, as_wei_value(eth_sold, 'wei'), tokens_bought)
          return as_wei_value(eth_sold, 'wei')
      
      # @notice Convert ETH to Tokens.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input (msg.value) and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of tokens bought.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return Amount of ETH sold.
      @public
      @payable
      def ethToTokenSwapOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, deadline: timestamp) -> uint256(wei):
          return self.ethToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, msg.value, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender)
      
      # @notice Convert ETH to Tokens and transfers Tokens to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input (msg.value) and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of tokens bought.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output Tokens.
      # @return Amount of ETH sold.
      @public
      @payable
      def ethToTokenTransferOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256(wei):
          assert recipient != self and recipient != ZERO_ADDRESS
          return self.ethToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, msg.value, deadline, msg.sender, recipient)
      
      @private
      def tokenToEthInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_eth: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address) -> uint256(wei):
          assert deadline >= block.timestamp and (tokens_sold > 0 and min_eth > 0)
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_bought: uint256 = self.getInputPrice(tokens_sold, token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
          wei_bought: uint256(wei) = as_wei_value(eth_bought, 'wei')
          assert wei_bought >= min_eth
          send(recipient, wei_bought)
          assert self.token.transferFrom(buyer, self, tokens_sold)
          log.EthPurchase(buyer, tokens_sold, wei_bought)
          return wei_bought
      
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens to ETH.
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_eth Minimum ETH purchased.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return Amount of ETH bought.
      @public
      def tokenToEthSwapInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_eth: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp) -> uint256(wei):
          return self.tokenToEthInput(tokens_sold, min_eth, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens to ETH and transfers ETH to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_eth Minimum ETH purchased.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @return Amount of ETH bought.
      @public
      def tokenToEthTransferInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_eth: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256(wei):
          assert recipient != self and recipient != ZERO_ADDRESS
          return self.tokenToEthInput(tokens_sold, min_eth, deadline, msg.sender, recipient)
      
      @private
      def tokenToEthOutput(eth_bought: uint256(wei), max_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address) -> uint256:
          assert deadline >= block.timestamp and eth_bought > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          tokens_sold: uint256 = self.getOutputPrice(as_unitless_number(eth_bought), token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
          # tokens sold is always > 0
          assert max_tokens >= tokens_sold
          send(recipient, eth_bought)
          assert self.token.transferFrom(buyer, self, tokens_sold)
          log.EthPurchase(buyer, tokens_sold, eth_bought)
          return tokens_sold
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens to ETH.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param eth_bought Amount of ETH purchased.
      # @param max_tokens Maximum Tokens sold.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return Amount of Tokens sold.
      @public
      def tokenToEthSwapOutput(eth_bought: uint256(wei), max_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp) -> uint256:
          return self.tokenToEthOutput(eth_bought, max_tokens, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens to ETH and transfers ETH to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param eth_bought Amount of ETH purchased.
      # @param max_tokens Maximum Tokens sold.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @return Amount of Tokens sold.
      @public
      def tokenToEthTransferOutput(eth_bought: uint256(wei), max_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256:
          assert recipient != self and recipient != ZERO_ADDRESS
          return self.tokenToEthOutput(eth_bought, max_tokens, deadline, msg.sender, recipient)
      
      @private
      def tokenToTokenInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_tokens_bought: uint256, min_eth_bought: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          assert (deadline >= block.timestamp and tokens_sold > 0) and (min_tokens_bought > 0 and min_eth_bought > 0)
          assert exchange_addr != self and exchange_addr != ZERO_ADDRESS
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_bought: uint256 = self.getInputPrice(tokens_sold, token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
          wei_bought: uint256(wei) = as_wei_value(eth_bought, 'wei')
          assert wei_bought >= min_eth_bought
          assert self.token.transferFrom(buyer, self, tokens_sold)
          tokens_bought: uint256 = Exchange(exchange_addr).ethToTokenTransferInput(min_tokens_bought, deadline, recipient, value=wei_bought)
          log.EthPurchase(buyer, tokens_sold, wei_bought)
          return tokens_bought
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (token_addr).
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_tokens_bought Minimum Tokens (token_addr) purchased.
      # @param min_eth_bought Minimum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param token_addr The address of the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      @public
      def tokenToTokenSwapInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_tokens_bought: uint256, min_eth_bought: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, token_addr: address) -> uint256:
          exchange_addr: address = self.factory.getExchange(token_addr)
          return self.tokenToTokenInput(tokens_sold, min_tokens_bought, min_eth_bought, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (token_addr) and transfers
      #         Tokens (token_addr) to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_tokens_bought Minimum Tokens (token_addr) purchased.
      # @param min_eth_bought Minimum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @param token_addr The address of the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      @public
      def tokenToTokenTransferInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_tokens_bought: uint256, min_eth_bought: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, recipient: address, token_addr: address) -> uint256:
          exchange_addr: address = self.factory.getExchange(token_addr)
          return self.tokenToTokenInput(tokens_sold, min_tokens_bought, min_eth_bought, deadline, msg.sender, recipient, exchange_addr)
      
      @private
      def tokenToTokenOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_tokens_sold: uint256, max_eth_sold: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          assert deadline >= block.timestamp and (tokens_bought > 0 and max_eth_sold > 0)
          assert exchange_addr != self and exchange_addr != ZERO_ADDRESS
          eth_bought: uint256(wei) = Exchange(exchange_addr).getEthToTokenOutputPrice(tokens_bought)
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          tokens_sold: uint256 = self.getOutputPrice(as_unitless_number(eth_bought), token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
          # tokens sold is always > 0
          assert max_tokens_sold >= tokens_sold and max_eth_sold >= eth_bought
          assert self.token.transferFrom(buyer, self, tokens_sold)
          eth_sold: uint256(wei) = Exchange(exchange_addr).ethToTokenTransferOutput(tokens_bought, deadline, recipient, value=eth_bought)
          log.EthPurchase(buyer, tokens_sold, eth_bought)
          return tokens_sold
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (token_addr).
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      # @param max_tokens_sold Maximum Tokens (self.token) sold.
      # @param max_eth_sold Maximum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param token_addr The address of the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (self.token) sold.
      @public
      def tokenToTokenSwapOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_tokens_sold: uint256, max_eth_sold: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, token_addr: address) -> uint256:
          exchange_addr: address = self.factory.getExchange(token_addr)
          return self.tokenToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, max_tokens_sold, max_eth_sold, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (token_addr) and transfers
      #         Tokens (token_addr) to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      # @param max_tokens_sold Maximum Tokens (self.token) sold.
      # @param max_eth_sold Maximum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @param token_addr The address of the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (self.token) sold.
      @public
      def tokenToTokenTransferOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_tokens_sold: uint256, max_eth_sold: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, recipient: address, token_addr: address) -> uint256:
          exchange_addr: address = self.factory.getExchange(token_addr)
          return self.tokenToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, max_tokens_sold, max_eth_sold, deadline, msg.sender, recipient, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (exchange_addr.token).
      # @dev Allows trades through contracts that were not deployed from the same factory.
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_tokens_bought Minimum Tokens (token_addr) purchased.
      # @param min_eth_bought Minimum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param exchange_addr The address of the exchange for the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (exchange_addr.token) bought.
      @public
      def tokenToExchangeSwapInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_tokens_bought: uint256, min_eth_bought: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          return self.tokenToTokenInput(tokens_sold, min_tokens_bought, min_eth_bought, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (exchange_addr.token) and transfers
      #         Tokens (exchange_addr.token) to recipient.
      # @dev Allows trades through contracts that were not deployed from the same factory.
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_tokens_bought Minimum Tokens (token_addr) purchased.
      # @param min_eth_bought Minimum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @param exchange_addr The address of the exchange for the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (exchange_addr.token) bought.
      @public
      def tokenToExchangeTransferInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_tokens_bought: uint256, min_eth_bought: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, recipient: address, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          assert recipient != self
          return self.tokenToTokenInput(tokens_sold, min_tokens_bought, min_eth_bought, deadline, msg.sender, recipient, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (exchange_addr.token).
      # @dev Allows trades through contracts that were not deployed from the same factory.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      # @param max_tokens_sold Maximum Tokens (self.token) sold.
      # @param max_eth_sold Maximum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param exchange_addr The address of the exchange for the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (self.token) sold.
      @public
      def tokenToExchangeSwapOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_tokens_sold: uint256, max_eth_sold: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          return self.tokenToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, max_tokens_sold, max_eth_sold, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (exchange_addr.token) and transfers
      #         Tokens (exchange_addr.token) to recipient.
      # @dev Allows trades through contracts that were not deployed from the same factory.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      # @param max_tokens_sold Maximum Tokens (self.token) sold.
      # @param max_eth_sold Maximum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @param token_addr The address of the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (self.token) sold.
      @public
      def tokenToExchangeTransferOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_tokens_sold: uint256, max_eth_sold: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, recipient: address, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          assert recipient != self
          return self.tokenToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, max_tokens_sold, max_eth_sold, deadline, msg.sender, recipient, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Public price function for ETH to Token trades with an exact input.
      # @param eth_sold Amount of ETH sold.
      # @return Amount of Tokens that can be bought with input ETH.
      @public
      @constant
      def getEthToTokenInputPrice(eth_sold: uint256(wei)) -> uint256:
          assert eth_sold > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          return self.getInputPrice(as_unitless_number(eth_sold), as_unitless_number(self.balance), token_reserve)
      
      # @notice Public price function for ETH to Token trades with an exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of Tokens bought.
      # @return Amount of ETH needed to buy output Tokens.
      @public
      @constant
      def getEthToTokenOutputPrice(tokens_bought: uint256) -> uint256(wei):
          assert tokens_bought > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_sold: uint256 = self.getOutputPrice(tokens_bought, as_unitless_number(self.balance), token_reserve)
          return as_wei_value(eth_sold, 'wei')
      
      # @notice Public price function for Token to ETH trades with an exact input.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @return Amount of ETH that can be bought with input Tokens.
      @public
      @constant
      def getTokenToEthInputPrice(tokens_sold: uint256) -> uint256(wei):
          assert tokens_sold > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_bought: uint256 = self.getInputPrice(tokens_sold, token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
          return as_wei_value(eth_bought, 'wei')
      
      # @notice Public price function for Token to ETH trades with an exact output.
      # @param eth_bought Amount of output ETH.
      # @return Amount of Tokens needed to buy output ETH.
      @public
      @constant
      def getTokenToEthOutputPrice(eth_bought: uint256(wei)) -> uint256:
          assert eth_bought > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          return self.getOutputPrice(as_unitless_number(eth_bought), token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
      
      # @return Address of Token that is sold on this exchange.
      @public
      @constant
      def tokenAddress() -> address:
          return self.token
      
      # @return Address of factory that created this exchange.
      @public
      @constant
      def factoryAddress() -> address(Factory):
          return self.factory
      
      # ERC20 compatibility for exchange liquidity modified from
      # https://github.com/ethereum/vyper/blob/master/examples/tokens/ERC20.vy
      @public
      @constant
      def balanceOf(_owner : address) -> uint256:
          return self.balances[_owner]
      
      @public
      def transfer(_to : address, _value : uint256) -> bool:
          self.balances[msg.sender] -= _value
          self.balances[_to] += _value
          log.Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value)
          return True
      
      @public
      def transferFrom(_from : address, _to : address, _value : uint256) -> bool:
          self.balances[_from] -= _value
          self.balances[_to] += _value
          self.allowances[_from][msg.sender] -= _value
          log.Transfer(_from, _to, _value)
          return True
      
      @public
      def approve(_spender : address, _value : uint256) -> bool:
          self.allowances[msg.sender][_spender] = _value
          log.Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value)
          return True
      
      @public
      @constant
      def allowance(_owner : address, _spender : address) -> uint256:
          return self.allowances[_owner][_spender]

      File 2 of 3: NumeraireBackend
      pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
      
      contract Safe {
          // Check if it is safe to add two numbers
          function safeAdd(uint a, uint b) internal returns (uint) {
              uint c = a + b;
              assert(c >= a && c >= b);
              return c;
          }
      
          // Check if it is safe to subtract two numbers
          function safeSubtract(uint a, uint b) internal returns (uint) {
              uint c = a - b;
              assert(b <= a && c <= a);
              return c;
          }
      
          function safeMultiply(uint a, uint b) internal returns (uint) {
              uint c = a * b;
              assert(a == 0 || (c / a) == b);
              return c;
          }
      
          function shrink128(uint a) internal returns (uint128) {
              assert(a < 0x100000000000000000000000000000000);
              return uint128(a);
          }
      
          // mitigate short address attack
          modifier onlyPayloadSize(uint numWords) {
              assert(msg.data.length == numWords * 32 + 4);
              _;
          }
      
          // allow ether to be received
          function () payable { }
      }
      
      // Class variables used both in NumeraireBackend and NumeraireDelegate
      
      contract NumeraireShared is Safe {
      
          address public numerai = this;
      
          // Cap the total supply and the weekly supply
          uint256 public supply_cap = 21000000e18; // 21 million
          uint256 public weekly_disbursement = 96153846153846153846153;
      
          uint256 public initial_disbursement;
          uint256 public deploy_time;
      
          uint256 public total_minted;
      
          // ERC20 requires totalSupply, balanceOf, and allowance
          uint256 public totalSupply;
          mapping (address => uint256) public balanceOf;
          mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) public allowance;
      
          mapping (uint => Tournament) public tournaments;  // tournamentID
      
          struct Tournament {
              uint256 creationTime;
              uint256[] roundIDs;
              mapping (uint256 => Round) rounds;  // roundID
          } 
      
          struct Round {
              uint256 creationTime;
              uint256 endTime;
              uint256 resolutionTime;
              mapping (address => mapping (bytes32 => Stake)) stakes;  // address of staker
          }
      
          // The order is important here because of its packing characteristics.
          // Particularly, `amount` and `confidence` are in the *same* word, so
          // Solidity can update both at the same time (if the optimizer can figure
          // out that you're updating both).  This makes `stake()` cheap.
          struct Stake {
              uint128 amount; // Once the stake is resolved, this becomes 0
              uint128 confidence;
              bool successful;
              bool resolved;
          }
      
          // Generates a public event on the blockchain to notify clients
          event Mint(uint256 value);
          event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
          event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
          event Staked(address indexed staker, bytes32 tag, uint256 totalAmountStaked, uint256 confidence, uint256 indexed tournamentID, uint256 indexed roundID);
          event RoundCreated(uint256 indexed tournamentID, uint256 indexed roundID, uint256 endTime, uint256 resolutionTime);
          event TournamentCreated(uint256 indexed tournamentID);
          event StakeDestroyed(uint256 indexed tournamentID, uint256 indexed roundID, address indexed stakerAddress, bytes32 tag);
          event StakeReleased(uint256 indexed tournamentID, uint256 indexed roundID, address indexed stakerAddress, bytes32 tag, uint256 etherReward);
      
          // Calculate allowable disbursement
          function getMintable() constant returns (uint256) {
              return
                  safeSubtract(
                      safeAdd(initial_disbursement,
                          safeMultiply(weekly_disbursement,
                              safeSubtract(block.timestamp, deploy_time))
                          / 1 weeks),
                      total_minted);
          }
      }
      
      // From OpenZepplin: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/zeppelin-solidity/blob/master/contracts/ownership/Shareable.sol
      /*
       * Shareable
       * 
       * Effectively our multisig contract
       *
       * Based on https://github.com/ethereum/dapp-bin/blob/master/wallet/wallet.sol
       *
       * inheritable "property" contract that enables methods to be protected by requiring the acquiescence of either a single, or, crucially, each of a number of, designated owners.
       *
       * usage:
       * use modifiers onlyowner (just own owned) or onlymanyowners(hash), whereby the same hash must be provided by some number (specified in constructor) of the set of owners (specified in the constructor) before the interior is executed.
       */
      contract Shareable {
        // TYPES
      
        // struct for the status of a pending operation.
        struct PendingState {
          uint yetNeeded;
          uint ownersDone;
          uint index;
        }
      
      
        // FIELDS
      
        // the number of owners that must confirm the same operation before it is run.
        uint public required;
      
        // list of owners
        address[256] owners;
        uint constant c_maxOwners = 250;
        // index on the list of owners to allow reverse lookup
        mapping(address => uint) ownerIndex;
        // the ongoing operations.
        mapping(bytes32 => PendingState) pendings;
        bytes32[] pendingsIndex;
      
      
        // EVENTS
      
        // this contract only has six types of events: it can accept a confirmation, in which case
        // we record owner and operation (hash) alongside it.
        event Confirmation(address owner, bytes32 operation);
        event Revoke(address owner, bytes32 operation);
      
      
        // MODIFIERS
      
        address thisContract = this;
      
        // simple single-sig function modifier.
        modifier onlyOwner {
          if (isOwner(msg.sender))
            _;
        }
      
        // multi-sig function modifier: the operation must have an intrinsic hash in order
        // that later attempts can be realised as the same underlying operation and
        // thus count as confirmations.
        modifier onlyManyOwners(bytes32 _operation) {
          if (confirmAndCheck(_operation))
            _;
        }
      
      
        // CONSTRUCTOR
      
        // constructor is given number of sigs required to do protected "onlymanyowners" transactions
        // as well as the selection of addresses capable of confirming them.
        function Shareable(address[] _owners, uint _required) {
          owners[1] = msg.sender;
          ownerIndex[msg.sender] = 1;
          for (uint i = 0; i < _owners.length; ++i) {
            owners[2 + i] = _owners[i];
            ownerIndex[_owners[i]] = 2 + i;
          }
          if (required > owners.length) throw;
          required = _required;
        }
      
      
        // new multisig is given number of sigs required to do protected "onlymanyowners" transactions
        // as well as the selection of addresses capable of confirming them.
        // take all new owners as an array
        function changeShareable(address[] _owners, uint _required) onlyManyOwners(sha3(msg.data)) {
          for (uint i = 0; i < _owners.length; ++i) {
            owners[1 + i] = _owners[i];
            ownerIndex[_owners[i]] = 1 + i;
          }
          if (required > owners.length) throw;
          required = _required;
        }
      
        // METHODS
      
        // Revokes a prior confirmation of the given operation
        function revoke(bytes32 _operation) external {
          uint index = ownerIndex[msg.sender];
          // make sure they're an owner
          if (index == 0) return;
          uint ownerIndexBit = 2**index;
          var pending = pendings[_operation];
          if (pending.ownersDone & ownerIndexBit > 0) {
            pending.yetNeeded++;
            pending.ownersDone -= ownerIndexBit;
            Revoke(msg.sender, _operation);
          }
        }
      
        // Gets an owner by 0-indexed position (using numOwners as the count)
        function getOwner(uint ownerIndex) external constant returns (address) {
          return address(owners[ownerIndex + 1]);
        }
      
        function isOwner(address _addr) constant returns (bool) {
          return ownerIndex[_addr] > 0;
        }
      
        function hasConfirmed(bytes32 _operation, address _owner) constant returns (bool) {
          var pending = pendings[_operation];
          uint index = ownerIndex[_owner];
      
          // make sure they're an owner
          if (index == 0) return false;
      
          // determine the bit to set for this owner.
          uint ownerIndexBit = 2**index;
          return !(pending.ownersDone & ownerIndexBit == 0);
        }
      
        // INTERNAL METHODS
      
        function confirmAndCheck(bytes32 _operation) internal returns (bool) {
          // determine what index the present sender is:
          uint index = ownerIndex[msg.sender];
          // make sure they're an owner
          if (index == 0) return;
      
          var pending = pendings[_operation];
          // if we're not yet working on this operation, switch over and reset the confirmation status.
          if (pending.yetNeeded == 0) {
            // reset count of confirmations needed.
            pending.yetNeeded = required;
            // reset which owners have confirmed (none) - set our bitmap to 0.
            pending.ownersDone = 0;
            pending.index = pendingsIndex.length++;
            pendingsIndex[pending.index] = _operation;
          }
          // determine the bit to set for this owner.
          uint ownerIndexBit = 2**index;
          // make sure we (the message sender) haven't confirmed this operation previously.
          if (pending.ownersDone & ownerIndexBit == 0) {
            Confirmation(msg.sender, _operation);
            // ok - check if count is enough to go ahead.
            if (pending.yetNeeded <= 1) {
              // enough confirmations: reset and run interior.
              delete pendingsIndex[pendings[_operation].index];
              delete pendings[_operation];
              return true;
            }
            else
              {
                // not enough: record that this owner in particular confirmed.
                pending.yetNeeded--;
                pending.ownersDone |= ownerIndexBit;
              }
          }
        }
      
        function clearPending() internal {
          uint length = pendingsIndex.length;
          for (uint i = 0; i < length; ++i)
          if (pendingsIndex[i] != 0)
            delete pendings[pendingsIndex[i]];
          delete pendingsIndex;
        }
      }
      
      // From OpenZepplin: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/zeppelin-solidity/blob/master/contracts/lifecycle/Pausable.sol
      /*
       * Stoppable
       * Abstract contract that allows children to implement an
       * emergency stop mechanism.
       */
      contract StoppableShareable is Shareable {
        bool public stopped;
        bool public stoppable = true;
      
        modifier stopInEmergency { if (!stopped) _; }
        modifier onlyInEmergency { if (stopped) _; }
      
        function StoppableShareable(address[] _owners, uint _required) Shareable(_owners, _required) {
        }
      
        // called by the owner on emergency, triggers stopped state
        function emergencyStop() external onlyOwner {
          assert(stoppable);
          stopped = true;
        }
      
        // called by the owners on end of emergency, returns to normal state
        function release() external onlyManyOwners(sha3(msg.data)) {
          assert(stoppable);
          stopped = false;
        }
      
        // called by the owners to disable ability to begin or end an emergency stop
        function disableStopping() external onlyManyOwners(sha3(msg.data)) {
          stoppable = false;
        }
      }
      
      // This is the contract that will be unchangeable once deployed.  It will call delegate functions in another contract to change state.  The delegate contract is upgradable.
      
      contract NumeraireBackend is StoppableShareable, NumeraireShared {
      
          address public delegateContract;
          bool public contractUpgradable = true;
          address[] public previousDelegates;
      
          string public standard = "ERC20";
      
          // ERC20 requires name, symbol, and decimals
          string public name = "Numeraire";
          string public symbol = "NMR";
          uint256 public decimals = 18;
      
          event DelegateChanged(address oldAddress, address newAddress);
      
          function NumeraireBackend(address[] _owners, uint256 _num_required, uint256 _initial_disbursement) StoppableShareable(_owners, _num_required) {
              totalSupply = 0;
              total_minted = 0;
      
              initial_disbursement = _initial_disbursement;
              deploy_time = block.timestamp;
          }
      
          function disableContractUpgradability() onlyManyOwners(sha3(msg.data)) returns (bool) {
              assert(contractUpgradable);
              contractUpgradable = false;
          }
      
          function changeDelegate(address _newDelegate) onlyManyOwners(sha3(msg.data)) returns (bool) {
              assert(contractUpgradable);
      
              if (_newDelegate != delegateContract) {
                  previousDelegates.push(delegateContract);
                  var oldDelegate = delegateContract;
                  delegateContract = _newDelegate;
                  DelegateChanged(oldDelegate, _newDelegate);
                  return true;
              }
      
              return false;
          }
      
          function claimTokens(address _token) onlyOwner {
              assert(_token != numerai);
              if (_token == 0x0) {
                  msg.sender.transfer(this.balance);
                  return;
              }
      
              NumeraireBackend token = NumeraireBackend(_token);
              uint256 balance = token.balanceOf(this);
              token.transfer(msg.sender, balance);
          }
      
          function mint(uint256 _value) stopInEmergency returns (bool ok) {
              return delegateContract.delegatecall(bytes4(sha3("mint(uint256)")), _value);
          }
      
          function stake(uint256 _value, bytes32 _tag, uint256 _tournamentID, uint256 _roundID, uint256 _confidence) stopInEmergency returns (bool ok) {
              return delegateContract.delegatecall(bytes4(sha3("stake(uint256,bytes32,uint256,uint256,uint256)")), _value, _tag, _tournamentID, _roundID, _confidence);
          }
      
          function stakeOnBehalf(address _staker, uint256 _value, bytes32 _tag, uint256 _tournamentID, uint256 _roundID, uint256 _confidence) stopInEmergency onlyPayloadSize(6) returns (bool ok) {
              return delegateContract.delegatecall(bytes4(sha3("stakeOnBehalf(address,uint256,bytes32,uint256,uint256,uint256)")), _staker, _value, _tag, _tournamentID, _roundID, _confidence);
          }
      
          function releaseStake(address _staker, bytes32 _tag, uint256 _etherValue, uint256 _tournamentID, uint256 _roundID, bool _successful) stopInEmergency onlyPayloadSize(6) returns (bool ok) {
              return delegateContract.delegatecall(bytes4(sha3("releaseStake(address,bytes32,uint256,uint256,uint256,bool)")), _staker, _tag, _etherValue, _tournamentID, _roundID, _successful);
          }
      
          function destroyStake(address _staker, bytes32 _tag, uint256 _tournamentID, uint256 _roundID) stopInEmergency onlyPayloadSize(4) returns (bool ok) {
              return delegateContract.delegatecall(bytes4(sha3("destroyStake(address,bytes32,uint256,uint256)")), _staker, _tag, _tournamentID, _roundID);
          }
      
          function numeraiTransfer(address _to, uint256 _value) onlyPayloadSize(2) returns(bool ok) {
              return delegateContract.delegatecall(bytes4(sha3("numeraiTransfer(address,uint256)")), _to, _value);
          }
      
          function withdraw(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) onlyPayloadSize(3) returns(bool ok) {
              return delegateContract.delegatecall(bytes4(sha3("withdraw(address,address,uint256)")), _from, _to, _value);
          }
      
          function createTournament(uint256 _tournamentID) returns (bool ok) {
              return delegateContract.delegatecall(bytes4(sha3("createTournament(uint256)")), _tournamentID);
          }
      
          function createRound(uint256 _tournamentID, uint256 _roundID, uint256 _endTime, uint256 _resolutionTime) returns (bool ok) {
              return delegateContract.delegatecall(bytes4(sha3("createRound(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256)")), _tournamentID, _roundID, _endTime, _resolutionTime);
          }
      
          function getTournament(uint256 _tournamentID) constant returns (uint256, uint256[]) {
              var tournament = tournaments[_tournamentID];
              return (tournament.creationTime, tournament.roundIDs);
          }
      
          function getRound(uint256 _tournamentID, uint256 _roundID) constant returns (uint256, uint256, uint256) {
              var round = tournaments[_tournamentID].rounds[_roundID];
              return (round.creationTime, round.endTime, round.resolutionTime);
          }
      
          function getStake(uint256 _tournamentID, uint256 _roundID, address _staker, bytes32 _tag) constant returns (uint256, uint256, bool, bool) {
              var stake = tournaments[_tournamentID].rounds[_roundID].stakes[_staker][_tag];
              return (stake.confidence, stake.amount, stake.successful, stake.resolved);
          }
      
          // ERC20: Send from a contract
          function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) stopInEmergency onlyPayloadSize(3) returns (bool ok) {
              require(!isOwner(_from) && _from != numerai); // Transfering from Numerai can only be done with the numeraiTransfer function
      
              // Check for sufficient funds.
              require(balanceOf[_from] >= _value);
              // Check for authorization to spend.
              require(allowance[_from][msg.sender] >= _value);
      
              balanceOf[_from] = safeSubtract(balanceOf[_from], _value);
              allowance[_from][msg.sender] = safeSubtract(allowance[_from][msg.sender], _value);
              balanceOf[_to] = safeAdd(balanceOf[_to], _value);
      
              // Notify anyone listening.
              Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
      
              return true;
          }
      
          // ERC20: Anyone with NMR can transfer NMR
          function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) stopInEmergency onlyPayloadSize(2) returns (bool ok) {
              // Check for sufficient funds.
              require(balanceOf[msg.sender] >= _value);
      
              balanceOf[msg.sender] = safeSubtract(balanceOf[msg.sender], _value);
              balanceOf[_to] = safeAdd(balanceOf[_to], _value);
      
              // Notify anyone listening.
              Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
      
              return true;
          }
      
          // ERC20: Allow other contracts to spend on sender's behalf
          function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) stopInEmergency onlyPayloadSize(2) returns (bool ok) {
              require((_value == 0) || (allowance[msg.sender][_spender] == 0));
              allowance[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
              Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
              return true;
          }
      
          function changeApproval(address _spender, uint256 _oldValue, uint256 _newValue) stopInEmergency onlyPayloadSize(3) returns (bool ok) {
              require(allowance[msg.sender][_spender] == _oldValue);
              allowance[msg.sender][_spender] = _newValue;
              Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _newValue);
              return true;
          }
      }

      File 3 of 3: Vyper_contract
      # @title Uniswap Exchange Interface V1
      # @notice Source code found at https://github.com/uniswap
      # @notice Use at your own risk
      
      contract Factory():
          def getExchange(token_addr: address) -> address: constant
      
      contract Exchange():
          def getEthToTokenOutputPrice(tokens_bought: uint256) -> uint256(wei): constant
          def ethToTokenTransferInput(min_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256: modifying
          def ethToTokenTransferOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256(wei): modifying
      
      TokenPurchase: event({buyer: indexed(address), eth_sold: indexed(uint256(wei)), tokens_bought: indexed(uint256)})
      EthPurchase: event({buyer: indexed(address), tokens_sold: indexed(uint256), eth_bought: indexed(uint256(wei))})
      AddLiquidity: event({provider: indexed(address), eth_amount: indexed(uint256(wei)), token_amount: indexed(uint256)})
      RemoveLiquidity: event({provider: indexed(address), eth_amount: indexed(uint256(wei)), token_amount: indexed(uint256)})
      Transfer: event({_from: indexed(address), _to: indexed(address), _value: uint256})
      Approval: event({_owner: indexed(address), _spender: indexed(address), _value: uint256})
      
      name: public(bytes32)                             # Uniswap V1
      symbol: public(bytes32)                           # UNI-V1
      decimals: public(uint256)                         # 18
      totalSupply: public(uint256)                      # total number of UNI in existence
      balances: uint256[address]                        # UNI balance of an address
      allowances: (uint256[address])[address]           # UNI allowance of one address on another
      token: address(ERC20)                             # address of the ERC20 token traded on this contract
      factory: Factory                                  # interface for the factory that created this contract
      
      # @dev This function acts as a contract constructor which is not currently supported in contracts deployed
      #      using create_with_code_of(). It is called once by the factory during contract creation.
      @public
      def setup(token_addr: address):
          assert (self.factory == ZERO_ADDRESS and self.token == ZERO_ADDRESS) and token_addr != ZERO_ADDRESS
          self.factory = msg.sender
          self.token = token_addr
          self.name = 0x556e697377617020563100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
          self.symbol = 0x554e492d56310000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
          self.decimals = 18
      
      # @notice Deposit ETH and Tokens (self.token) at current ratio to mint UNI tokens.
      # @dev min_liquidity does nothing when total UNI supply is 0.
      # @param min_liquidity Minimum number of UNI sender will mint if total UNI supply is greater than 0.
      # @param max_tokens Maximum number of tokens deposited. Deposits max amount if total UNI supply is 0.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return The amount of UNI minted.
      @public
      @payable
      def addLiquidity(min_liquidity: uint256, max_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp) -> uint256:
          assert deadline > block.timestamp and (max_tokens > 0 and msg.value > 0)
          total_liquidity: uint256 = self.totalSupply
          if total_liquidity > 0:
              assert min_liquidity > 0
              eth_reserve: uint256(wei) = self.balance - msg.value
              token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
              token_amount: uint256 = msg.value * token_reserve / eth_reserve + 1
              liquidity_minted: uint256 = msg.value * total_liquidity / eth_reserve
              assert max_tokens >= token_amount and liquidity_minted >= min_liquidity
              self.balances[msg.sender] += liquidity_minted
              self.totalSupply = total_liquidity + liquidity_minted
              assert self.token.transferFrom(msg.sender, self, token_amount)
              log.AddLiquidity(msg.sender, msg.value, token_amount)
              log.Transfer(ZERO_ADDRESS, msg.sender, liquidity_minted)
              return liquidity_minted
          else:
              assert (self.factory != ZERO_ADDRESS and self.token != ZERO_ADDRESS) and msg.value >= 1000000000
              assert self.factory.getExchange(self.token) == self
              token_amount: uint256 = max_tokens
              initial_liquidity: uint256 = as_unitless_number(self.balance)
              self.totalSupply = initial_liquidity
              self.balances[msg.sender] = initial_liquidity
              assert self.token.transferFrom(msg.sender, self, token_amount)
              log.AddLiquidity(msg.sender, msg.value, token_amount)
              log.Transfer(ZERO_ADDRESS, msg.sender, initial_liquidity)
              return initial_liquidity
      
      # @dev Burn UNI tokens to withdraw ETH and Tokens at current ratio.
      # @param amount Amount of UNI burned.
      # @param min_eth Minimum ETH withdrawn.
      # @param min_tokens Minimum Tokens withdrawn.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return The amount of ETH and Tokens withdrawn.
      @public
      def removeLiquidity(amount: uint256, min_eth: uint256(wei), min_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp) -> (uint256(wei), uint256):
          assert (amount > 0 and deadline > block.timestamp) and (min_eth > 0 and min_tokens > 0)
          total_liquidity: uint256 = self.totalSupply
          assert total_liquidity > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_amount: uint256(wei) = amount * self.balance / total_liquidity
          token_amount: uint256 = amount * token_reserve / total_liquidity
          assert eth_amount >= min_eth and token_amount >= min_tokens
          self.balances[msg.sender] -= amount
          self.totalSupply = total_liquidity - amount
          send(msg.sender, eth_amount)
          assert self.token.transfer(msg.sender, token_amount)
          log.RemoveLiquidity(msg.sender, eth_amount, token_amount)
          log.Transfer(msg.sender, ZERO_ADDRESS, amount)
          return eth_amount, token_amount
      
      # @dev Pricing function for converting between ETH and Tokens.
      # @param input_amount Amount of ETH or Tokens being sold.
      # @param input_reserve Amount of ETH or Tokens (input type) in exchange reserves.
      # @param output_reserve Amount of ETH or Tokens (output type) in exchange reserves.
      # @return Amount of ETH or Tokens bought.
      @private
      @constant
      def getInputPrice(input_amount: uint256, input_reserve: uint256, output_reserve: uint256) -> uint256:
          assert input_reserve > 0 and output_reserve > 0
          input_amount_with_fee: uint256 = input_amount * 997
          numerator: uint256 = input_amount_with_fee * output_reserve
          denominator: uint256 = (input_reserve * 1000) + input_amount_with_fee
          return numerator / denominator
      
      # @dev Pricing function for converting between ETH and Tokens.
      # @param output_amount Amount of ETH or Tokens being bought.
      # @param input_reserve Amount of ETH or Tokens (input type) in exchange reserves.
      # @param output_reserve Amount of ETH or Tokens (output type) in exchange reserves.
      # @return Amount of ETH or Tokens sold.
      @private
      @constant
      def getOutputPrice(output_amount: uint256, input_reserve: uint256, output_reserve: uint256) -> uint256:
          assert input_reserve > 0 and output_reserve > 0
          numerator: uint256 = input_reserve * output_amount * 1000
          denominator: uint256 = (output_reserve - output_amount) * 997
          return numerator / denominator + 1
      
      @private
      def ethToTokenInput(eth_sold: uint256(wei), min_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address) -> uint256:
          assert deadline >= block.timestamp and (eth_sold > 0 and min_tokens > 0)
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          tokens_bought: uint256 = self.getInputPrice(as_unitless_number(eth_sold), as_unitless_number(self.balance - eth_sold), token_reserve)
          assert tokens_bought >= min_tokens
          assert self.token.transfer(recipient, tokens_bought)
          log.TokenPurchase(buyer, eth_sold, tokens_bought)
          return tokens_bought
      
      # @notice Convert ETH to Tokens.
      # @dev User specifies exact input (msg.value).
      # @dev User cannot specify minimum output or deadline.
      @public
      @payable
      def __default__():
          self.ethToTokenInput(msg.value, 1, block.timestamp, msg.sender, msg.sender)
      
      # @notice Convert ETH to Tokens.
      # @dev User specifies exact input (msg.value) and minimum output.
      # @param min_tokens Minimum Tokens bought.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return Amount of Tokens bought.
      @public
      @payable
      def ethToTokenSwapInput(min_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp) -> uint256:
          return self.ethToTokenInput(msg.value, min_tokens, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender)
      
      # @notice Convert ETH to Tokens and transfers Tokens to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies exact input (msg.value) and minimum output
      # @param min_tokens Minimum Tokens bought.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output Tokens.
      # @return Amount of Tokens bought.
      @public
      @payable
      def ethToTokenTransferInput(min_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256:
          assert recipient != self and recipient != ZERO_ADDRESS
          return self.ethToTokenInput(msg.value, min_tokens, deadline, msg.sender, recipient)
      
      @private
      def ethToTokenOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_eth: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address) -> uint256(wei):
          assert deadline >= block.timestamp and (tokens_bought > 0 and max_eth > 0)
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_sold: uint256 = self.getOutputPrice(tokens_bought, as_unitless_number(self.balance - max_eth), token_reserve)
          # Throws if eth_sold > max_eth
          eth_refund: uint256(wei) = max_eth - as_wei_value(eth_sold, 'wei')
          if eth_refund > 0:
              send(buyer, eth_refund)
          assert self.token.transfer(recipient, tokens_bought)
          log.TokenPurchase(buyer, as_wei_value(eth_sold, 'wei'), tokens_bought)
          return as_wei_value(eth_sold, 'wei')
      
      # @notice Convert ETH to Tokens.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input (msg.value) and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of tokens bought.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return Amount of ETH sold.
      @public
      @payable
      def ethToTokenSwapOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, deadline: timestamp) -> uint256(wei):
          return self.ethToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, msg.value, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender)
      
      # @notice Convert ETH to Tokens and transfers Tokens to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input (msg.value) and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of tokens bought.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output Tokens.
      # @return Amount of ETH sold.
      @public
      @payable
      def ethToTokenTransferOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256(wei):
          assert recipient != self and recipient != ZERO_ADDRESS
          return self.ethToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, msg.value, deadline, msg.sender, recipient)
      
      @private
      def tokenToEthInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_eth: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address) -> uint256(wei):
          assert deadline >= block.timestamp and (tokens_sold > 0 and min_eth > 0)
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_bought: uint256 = self.getInputPrice(tokens_sold, token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
          wei_bought: uint256(wei) = as_wei_value(eth_bought, 'wei')
          assert wei_bought >= min_eth
          send(recipient, wei_bought)
          assert self.token.transferFrom(buyer, self, tokens_sold)
          log.EthPurchase(buyer, tokens_sold, wei_bought)
          return wei_bought
      
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens to ETH.
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_eth Minimum ETH purchased.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return Amount of ETH bought.
      @public
      def tokenToEthSwapInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_eth: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp) -> uint256(wei):
          return self.tokenToEthInput(tokens_sold, min_eth, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens to ETH and transfers ETH to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_eth Minimum ETH purchased.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @return Amount of ETH bought.
      @public
      def tokenToEthTransferInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_eth: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256(wei):
          assert recipient != self and recipient != ZERO_ADDRESS
          return self.tokenToEthInput(tokens_sold, min_eth, deadline, msg.sender, recipient)
      
      @private
      def tokenToEthOutput(eth_bought: uint256(wei), max_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address) -> uint256:
          assert deadline >= block.timestamp and eth_bought > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          tokens_sold: uint256 = self.getOutputPrice(as_unitless_number(eth_bought), token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
          # tokens sold is always > 0
          assert max_tokens >= tokens_sold
          send(recipient, eth_bought)
          assert self.token.transferFrom(buyer, self, tokens_sold)
          log.EthPurchase(buyer, tokens_sold, eth_bought)
          return tokens_sold
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens to ETH.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param eth_bought Amount of ETH purchased.
      # @param max_tokens Maximum Tokens sold.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @return Amount of Tokens sold.
      @public
      def tokenToEthSwapOutput(eth_bought: uint256(wei), max_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp) -> uint256:
          return self.tokenToEthOutput(eth_bought, max_tokens, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens to ETH and transfers ETH to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param eth_bought Amount of ETH purchased.
      # @param max_tokens Maximum Tokens sold.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @return Amount of Tokens sold.
      @public
      def tokenToEthTransferOutput(eth_bought: uint256(wei), max_tokens: uint256, deadline: timestamp, recipient: address) -> uint256:
          assert recipient != self and recipient != ZERO_ADDRESS
          return self.tokenToEthOutput(eth_bought, max_tokens, deadline, msg.sender, recipient)
      
      @private
      def tokenToTokenInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_tokens_bought: uint256, min_eth_bought: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          assert (deadline >= block.timestamp and tokens_sold > 0) and (min_tokens_bought > 0 and min_eth_bought > 0)
          assert exchange_addr != self and exchange_addr != ZERO_ADDRESS
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_bought: uint256 = self.getInputPrice(tokens_sold, token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
          wei_bought: uint256(wei) = as_wei_value(eth_bought, 'wei')
          assert wei_bought >= min_eth_bought
          assert self.token.transferFrom(buyer, self, tokens_sold)
          tokens_bought: uint256 = Exchange(exchange_addr).ethToTokenTransferInput(min_tokens_bought, deadline, recipient, value=wei_bought)
          log.EthPurchase(buyer, tokens_sold, wei_bought)
          return tokens_bought
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (token_addr).
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_tokens_bought Minimum Tokens (token_addr) purchased.
      # @param min_eth_bought Minimum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param token_addr The address of the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      @public
      def tokenToTokenSwapInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_tokens_bought: uint256, min_eth_bought: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, token_addr: address) -> uint256:
          exchange_addr: address = self.factory.getExchange(token_addr)
          return self.tokenToTokenInput(tokens_sold, min_tokens_bought, min_eth_bought, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (token_addr) and transfers
      #         Tokens (token_addr) to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_tokens_bought Minimum Tokens (token_addr) purchased.
      # @param min_eth_bought Minimum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @param token_addr The address of the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      @public
      def tokenToTokenTransferInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_tokens_bought: uint256, min_eth_bought: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, recipient: address, token_addr: address) -> uint256:
          exchange_addr: address = self.factory.getExchange(token_addr)
          return self.tokenToTokenInput(tokens_sold, min_tokens_bought, min_eth_bought, deadline, msg.sender, recipient, exchange_addr)
      
      @private
      def tokenToTokenOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_tokens_sold: uint256, max_eth_sold: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, buyer: address, recipient: address, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          assert deadline >= block.timestamp and (tokens_bought > 0 and max_eth_sold > 0)
          assert exchange_addr != self and exchange_addr != ZERO_ADDRESS
          eth_bought: uint256(wei) = Exchange(exchange_addr).getEthToTokenOutputPrice(tokens_bought)
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          tokens_sold: uint256 = self.getOutputPrice(as_unitless_number(eth_bought), token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
          # tokens sold is always > 0
          assert max_tokens_sold >= tokens_sold and max_eth_sold >= eth_bought
          assert self.token.transferFrom(buyer, self, tokens_sold)
          eth_sold: uint256(wei) = Exchange(exchange_addr).ethToTokenTransferOutput(tokens_bought, deadline, recipient, value=eth_bought)
          log.EthPurchase(buyer, tokens_sold, eth_bought)
          return tokens_sold
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (token_addr).
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      # @param max_tokens_sold Maximum Tokens (self.token) sold.
      # @param max_eth_sold Maximum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param token_addr The address of the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (self.token) sold.
      @public
      def tokenToTokenSwapOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_tokens_sold: uint256, max_eth_sold: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, token_addr: address) -> uint256:
          exchange_addr: address = self.factory.getExchange(token_addr)
          return self.tokenToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, max_tokens_sold, max_eth_sold, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (token_addr) and transfers
      #         Tokens (token_addr) to recipient.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      # @param max_tokens_sold Maximum Tokens (self.token) sold.
      # @param max_eth_sold Maximum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @param token_addr The address of the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (self.token) sold.
      @public
      def tokenToTokenTransferOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_tokens_sold: uint256, max_eth_sold: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, recipient: address, token_addr: address) -> uint256:
          exchange_addr: address = self.factory.getExchange(token_addr)
          return self.tokenToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, max_tokens_sold, max_eth_sold, deadline, msg.sender, recipient, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (exchange_addr.token).
      # @dev Allows trades through contracts that were not deployed from the same factory.
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_tokens_bought Minimum Tokens (token_addr) purchased.
      # @param min_eth_bought Minimum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param exchange_addr The address of the exchange for the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (exchange_addr.token) bought.
      @public
      def tokenToExchangeSwapInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_tokens_bought: uint256, min_eth_bought: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          return self.tokenToTokenInput(tokens_sold, min_tokens_bought, min_eth_bought, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (exchange_addr.token) and transfers
      #         Tokens (exchange_addr.token) to recipient.
      # @dev Allows trades through contracts that were not deployed from the same factory.
      # @dev User specifies exact input and minimum output.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @param min_tokens_bought Minimum Tokens (token_addr) purchased.
      # @param min_eth_bought Minimum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @param exchange_addr The address of the exchange for the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (exchange_addr.token) bought.
      @public
      def tokenToExchangeTransferInput(tokens_sold: uint256, min_tokens_bought: uint256, min_eth_bought: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, recipient: address, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          assert recipient != self
          return self.tokenToTokenInput(tokens_sold, min_tokens_bought, min_eth_bought, deadline, msg.sender, recipient, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (exchange_addr.token).
      # @dev Allows trades through contracts that were not deployed from the same factory.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      # @param max_tokens_sold Maximum Tokens (self.token) sold.
      # @param max_eth_sold Maximum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param exchange_addr The address of the exchange for the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (self.token) sold.
      @public
      def tokenToExchangeSwapOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_tokens_sold: uint256, max_eth_sold: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          return self.tokenToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, max_tokens_sold, max_eth_sold, deadline, msg.sender, msg.sender, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Convert Tokens (self.token) to Tokens (exchange_addr.token) and transfers
      #         Tokens (exchange_addr.token) to recipient.
      # @dev Allows trades through contracts that were not deployed from the same factory.
      # @dev User specifies maximum input and exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of Tokens (token_addr) bought.
      # @param max_tokens_sold Maximum Tokens (self.token) sold.
      # @param max_eth_sold Maximum ETH purchased as intermediary.
      # @param deadline Time after which this transaction can no longer be executed.
      # @param recipient The address that receives output ETH.
      # @param token_addr The address of the token being purchased.
      # @return Amount of Tokens (self.token) sold.
      @public
      def tokenToExchangeTransferOutput(tokens_bought: uint256, max_tokens_sold: uint256, max_eth_sold: uint256(wei), deadline: timestamp, recipient: address, exchange_addr: address) -> uint256:
          assert recipient != self
          return self.tokenToTokenOutput(tokens_bought, max_tokens_sold, max_eth_sold, deadline, msg.sender, recipient, exchange_addr)
      
      # @notice Public price function for ETH to Token trades with an exact input.
      # @param eth_sold Amount of ETH sold.
      # @return Amount of Tokens that can be bought with input ETH.
      @public
      @constant
      def getEthToTokenInputPrice(eth_sold: uint256(wei)) -> uint256:
          assert eth_sold > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          return self.getInputPrice(as_unitless_number(eth_sold), as_unitless_number(self.balance), token_reserve)
      
      # @notice Public price function for ETH to Token trades with an exact output.
      # @param tokens_bought Amount of Tokens bought.
      # @return Amount of ETH needed to buy output Tokens.
      @public
      @constant
      def getEthToTokenOutputPrice(tokens_bought: uint256) -> uint256(wei):
          assert tokens_bought > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_sold: uint256 = self.getOutputPrice(tokens_bought, as_unitless_number(self.balance), token_reserve)
          return as_wei_value(eth_sold, 'wei')
      
      # @notice Public price function for Token to ETH trades with an exact input.
      # @param tokens_sold Amount of Tokens sold.
      # @return Amount of ETH that can be bought with input Tokens.
      @public
      @constant
      def getTokenToEthInputPrice(tokens_sold: uint256) -> uint256(wei):
          assert tokens_sold > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          eth_bought: uint256 = self.getInputPrice(tokens_sold, token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
          return as_wei_value(eth_bought, 'wei')
      
      # @notice Public price function for Token to ETH trades with an exact output.
      # @param eth_bought Amount of output ETH.
      # @return Amount of Tokens needed to buy output ETH.
      @public
      @constant
      def getTokenToEthOutputPrice(eth_bought: uint256(wei)) -> uint256:
          assert eth_bought > 0
          token_reserve: uint256 = self.token.balanceOf(self)
          return self.getOutputPrice(as_unitless_number(eth_bought), token_reserve, as_unitless_number(self.balance))
      
      # @return Address of Token that is sold on this exchange.
      @public
      @constant
      def tokenAddress() -> address:
          return self.token
      
      # @return Address of factory that created this exchange.
      @public
      @constant
      def factoryAddress() -> address(Factory):
          return self.factory
      
      # ERC20 compatibility for exchange liquidity modified from
      # https://github.com/ethereum/vyper/blob/master/examples/tokens/ERC20.vy
      @public
      @constant
      def balanceOf(_owner : address) -> uint256:
          return self.balances[_owner]
      
      @public
      def transfer(_to : address, _value : uint256) -> bool:
          self.balances[msg.sender] -= _value
          self.balances[_to] += _value
          log.Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value)
          return True
      
      @public
      def transferFrom(_from : address, _to : address, _value : uint256) -> bool:
          self.balances[_from] -= _value
          self.balances[_to] += _value
          self.allowances[_from][msg.sender] -= _value
          log.Transfer(_from, _to, _value)
          return True
      
      @public
      def approve(_spender : address, _value : uint256) -> bool:
          self.allowances[msg.sender][_spender] = _value
          log.Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value)
          return True
      
      @public
      @constant
      def allowance(_owner : address, _spender : address) -> uint256:
          return self.allowances[_owner][_spender]